This tutorial demonstrates how regression analysis has been implemented in ArcGIS, and explores some of the special considerations you’ll want to think about whenever you use regression with spatial data.
Regression analysis allows you to model, examine, and explore spatial relationships, to better understand the factors behind observed spatial patterns, and to predict outcomes based on that understanding. Ordinary Least Squares regression (OLS) is a global regression method. Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) is a local, spatial, regression method that allows the relationships you are modeling to vary across the study area.
» Read more: ArcGIS Tutorial : Regression Analysis